Common dental problems: Tooth and gum disorders

Almost every adult in the world has dental problems. Dental diseases can seriously impair a person’s quality of life and even lead to awful consequences, such as gastrointestinal problems and other health conditions. To identify and diagnose tooth and gum diseases in time is extremely important in order to ensure the normal functioning of the dentition. It is also essential to understand what causes these diseases and what consequences may occur if a person neglects the treatment of tooth decay or any other dental problem.

Caries is the most common dental disease in the world. Improper oral hygiene is the main factor leading to the development of caries. Bacteria that live in the mouth produce acids and, as a result, destroy tooth enamel. At the beginning small spots appear on the enamel surface, gradually deepening, visible with the naked eye and affecting the tissues located under the enamel. The first symptoms are hypersensitivity when taking cold, hot, sweet and sour food. If nothing is done at this stage, tooth decay can lead to severe pain and dead tooth.

This is an inflammation of the neurovascular bundle of the tooth, known as pulp. This disease most often develops as a complication of caries. Pulpitis is manifested by severe toothache, mainly in the evening and at night. The pain intensifies when eating hot and cold food. It can also cause high body temperature. The best way to avoid this disease is to treat tooth decay in time.

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums (gingiva). As a rule,  this is an early stage of gum disease. The disease causes discomfort or pain, bleeding, and bad breath. One of the most common causes of gingivitis is poor or improper oral hygiene. Gingivitis often occurs in teenagers and pregnant women, due to hormonal changes in the body. The treatment of gingivitis includes scaling and root planing. This procedure leads to removing plaque, tartar and bacterial products. Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.

Periodontitis, also known as a periodontal disease, is an inflammation in the tissues surrounding the root of the tooth. The disease is caused by the bacterial growth in the mouth and may lead to the damage of bones and teeth. The main symptoms of periodontitis are a sharp localized pain in the area of a particular tooth, aggravated by hot and touch, bad breath and swollen gums. The main goal of treatment is to clean out bacteria. That is why, proper oral hygiene can be both treatment and prevention. But sometimes, surgery is required as well.

Periostitis, also know as a gumboil or flux, is a disease of the oral cavity, caused by inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of connective tissue surrounding bone. The disease develops rapidly, focusing on the periosteum of the jaw or its body. In most cases, periostitis has a odontogenic origin and is a complication of dental disease. The development of this disease depends on the form of periostitis and the human immune system. The acute form of flux may cause edema of soft tissues, mucosal hyperimia, fever and pus forming. Most often, an acute form of periostitis occurs due to dental diseases such as pulpitis, periodontitis, etc.

Effective prevention of dental diseases is the key to the health of the whole organism. In most cases many diseases of the teeth and gums occur due to poor hygiene, therefore, the prevention of dental caries involves teaching patients the correct methods of brushing their teeth, as well as regular procedures to remove dental plaque and tartar. The prevention of caries in children and adults includes regular dental examinations by the dentist, which allows you to timely identify problem areas of tooth enamel and take measures to strengthen them through different dental procedures, such as fluoridation, sealing fissures, and so on.

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